{"id":3973,"date":"2024-07-31T07:47:50","date_gmt":"2024-07-31T11:47:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.1stvision.com\/machine-vision-solutions\/?p=3973"},"modified":"2024-07-31T07:47:51","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T11:47:51","slug":"tips-on-selecting-a-telecentric-lens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.1stvision.com\/machine-vision-solutions\/2024\/07\/tips-on-selecting-a-telecentric-lens.html","title":{"rendered":"Tips on selecting a telecentric lens"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Why might I want a telecentric lens?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Metrology<\/a>, when done optically, requires that an object’s representation be invariant to the distance and position in the field of view. Telecentric lenses<\/a> deliver precisely that capability. Telecentric lenses only “pass” incoming light rays that are parallel to the optical axis of the lens. That\u2019s helpful because we measure the distance between those parallel rays to measure objects without touching them.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Telecentric lens eliminates the parallax effect – Courtesy Edmund Optics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Parallax effect<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Human vision and conventional lenses have angular fields of view. That can be very useful, especially for depth perception. Our ability to safely drive a car in traffic derives in no small part from not just identifying the presence of other vehicles and hazards, but also from gauging their relative nearness to our position. In that context parallax delivers perspective, and is an asset!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But with angular fields of view we can only guess at the size of objects. Sure, if we see a car and a railroad engine side by side, we might guess that the car is about 5 feet high and the railroad engine perhaps 15 or 16 feet. In metrology we want more precision than to the nearest foot! In detailed metrology such as precision manufacturing we want to differentiate to sub-millimeter accuracy. Telecentric lenses to the rescue!<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Assorted telecentric lenses – Courtesy Edmund Optics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Telecentric Tutorial<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Telecentric lenses only pass incoming light rays that are parallel to the optical axis of the lens. It\u2019s not that the oblique rays don\u2019t reach the outer edge of the telecentric lens. Rather, it\u2019s about the optical design of the lens in terms of what it passes on through the other lens elements and onto the sensor focal plane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Let\u2019s get to an example. In the image immediately below, labeled \u201cSetup\u201d, we see a pair of cubes positioned with one forward of the other. This image was made with a conventional (entocentric) lens, whereby all three dimensions appear much the same as for human vision. It looks natural to us because that\u2019s what we\u2019re used to. And if we just wanted to count how many orange cubes are present, the lens used to make the setup image is probably good enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Courtesy Edmund Optics.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

But suppose we want to measure the X and Y dimensions of the cubes, to see if they are within rigorous tolerance limits?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An object-space telecentric lens focuses the light without the perspective of distance. Below, the image on the left is the \u201cstraight on\u201d view of the same cubes positioned as in \u201cSetup\u201d above, taken with a conventional lens. The forward cube appears larger, when in fact we know it to be exactly the same size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rightmost image below was made with a telecentric lens, which effectively collapses the Z dimension, while preserving X and Y. If measuring X and Y is your goal, without regard to Z, a telecentric lens may be what you need.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Courtesy Edmund Optics.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How to select a telecentric lens?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As with any engineering challenge, start by gathering your requirements. Let’s use an example to make it real.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Object of interest is the circled chip – Image courtesy Edmund Optics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Object size<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

What is your object size? What is the size of the surrounding area in which successive instances of the target object will appear? This will determine the Field of View (FOV). In the example above, the chip is 6mm long and 4mm wide, and the boards always present within 4mm. So we’ll assert 12mm FOV to add a little margin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pixels per feature<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In theory, one might get away with just two pixels per feature. In practice it’s best to allow 4 pixels per feature. This helps to identify separate features by permitting space between features to appear in contrast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minimum feature size<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The smallest feature we need to identify is the remaining critical variable to set up the geometry of the optical parameters and imaging array. For the current example, we want to detect features as small as 25\u00b5m. That 25\u00b5m feature might appear anywhere in our 12mm FOV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example production image<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Before getting into the calculations, let’s take a look at an ideal production image we created after doing the math, and pairing a camera sensor with a suitable telecentric lens.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Production image of the logic chip – Courtesy Edmund Optics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The logic chip image above was obtained with an Edmund Optics SilverTL telecentric lens<\/a> – in this case the 0.5X model. More on how we got to that lens choice below. The key point for now is “wow – what a sharp image!”. One can not only count the contacts, but knowing our geometry and optical design, we can also inspect them for length, width, and feature presence\/absence using the contrast between the silver metallic components against the black-appearing board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resuming “how to choose a telecentric lens?”<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

So you’ve got an application in mind for which telecentric lens metrology looks promising. How to take the requirements figures we determine above, and map those to camera sensor selection and a corresponding telecentric lens?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Method 1: Ask us to figure it out for you.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It’s what we do. As North America’s largest stocking distributor, we represent multiple camera and lens manufacturers – and we know all the products. But we work for you, the customer, to get the best fit to your specific application requirements. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Click<\/a>
Give us some brief idea of your application and we will contact you to discuss camera options.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Method 2: Take out your own appendix<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Let’s define a few more terms, do a little math, and describe a “fitting” process. Please take a moment to review the terms defined in the following graphic, as we’ll refer to those terms and a couple of the formulas shortly.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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Telecentric lens terms and formulas – Courtesy Edmund Optics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

For the chip inspection application we’re discussing, we’ve established the three required variables:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H = FOV = 12mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

p = # pixels per feature = 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b5 = minimum feature size = 25\u00b5m<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Let’s crank up the formulas indicated and get to the finish line!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Determine required array size = image sensor<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"
Array size formula for the chip inspection example – Courtesy Edmund Optics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

So we need about 1900 pixels horizontally, plus or minus – with lens selection, unless one designs a custom lens, choosing an off-the-shelf lens that’s close enough is usually a reasonable thing to do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reviewing a catalog of candidate area scan cameras<\/a> with horizontal pixel counts around 1900, we find Allied Vision Technology’s (AVT) Manta G-131B<\/a>, where G indicates a GigEVision interface and B means black-and-white as in monochrome (vs. the C model that would be color). This camera uses a sensor with 2064 pixels in the horizontal dimension, so that’s a pretty close fit to our 1920 calculation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Determine horizontal size of the sensor<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"
H’ is the horizontal dimension of the sensor – Courtesy Edmund Optics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Per Manta G-319 specs, each pixel is 3.45\u00b5m wide, so 20643.(45) = 7.1mm sensor width. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Determine magnification requirements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The last formula tells us the magnification factor to fit the values for the other variables:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Magnification = sensor width \/ FOV Courtesy Edmund Optics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Choose a best-fit telecentric lens<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Back to the catalog. Consider the Edmund Optics SilverTL Series<\/a>. These C-mount lenses work with sensor sizes 1\/2″, 2\/3″, and 1\/1.8″ sensors, and pixels as small as 2.8\u00b5m, so that’s a promising fit for the 1\/1.8″ sensor at 3.45\u00b5m pixel size found in the Manta G-131B. Scrolling down the SilverTL Series specs, we land on the 0.50X Silver TL entry:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Some members of the SilverTL telecentric lens series – Courtesy Edmund Optics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The 0.5x magnification is not a perfect fit to the 0.59x calculated value. Likewise the 14.4mm FOV is slightly larger than the 12mm calculated FOV. But for high-performance ready-made lenses, this is a very close fit – and should perform well for this application. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Optics fitting is part science and part experience – and of course one can “send in samples” or “test drive” a lens to validate the fit. Take advantage of our experience in helping customers match application requirements to lens and camera selection, as well as lighting, cabling, software, and other components.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

1st Vision\u2019s<\/strong><\/a> sales engineers have over 100 years of combined experience to assist in your camera and components selection.  With a large portfolio of cameras<\/a>, lenses<\/a>, cables<\/a>, NIC cards<\/a> and industrial computers<\/a>, we can provide a full vision solution<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About you:<\/u><\/strong> We want to hear from you!  We\u2019ve built our brand on our know-how and like to educate the marketplace on imaging technology topics\u2026  What would you like to hear about?\u2026 Drop a line to info@1stvision.com with what topics you\u2019d like to know more about<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Why might I want a telecentric lens? Metrology, when done optically, requires that an object’s representation be invariant to the distance and position in the field of view. Telecentric lenses deliver precisely that capability. Telecentric lenses only “pass” incoming light rays that are parallel to the optical axis of the lens. That\u2019s helpful because we … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “Tips on selecting a telecentric lens”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":4044,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lenses"],"yoast_head":"\nTips on selecting a telecentric lens<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1stvision.com\/machine-vision-solutions\/2024\/07\/tips-on-selecting-a-telecentric-lens.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tips on selecting a telecentric lens\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Why might I want a telecentric lens? 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Metrology, when done optically, requires that an object’s representation be invariant to the distance and position in the field of view. Telecentric lenses deliver precisely that capability. Telecentric lenses only “pass” incoming light rays that are parallel to the optical axis of the lens. 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