{"id":101,"date":"2015-06-24T13:06:00","date_gmt":"2015-06-24T13:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.1stvision.com\/machine-vision-solutions\/2015\/06\/24\/demystifying-lens-performance-specifications\/"},"modified":"2022-02-24T10:19:51","modified_gmt":"2022-02-24T15:19:51","slug":"demystifying-lens-performance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.1stvision.com\/machine-vision-solutions\/2015\/06\/demystifying-lens-performance.html","title":{"rendered":"Demystifying Lens performance specifications"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Machine vision lenses from various manufacturers may look similar, have identical focal lengths, but perform different&#8230; but why?<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-SMNd_MwKmMc\/VYlx6cnsMxI\/AAAAAAAAOTM\/_eGJr0WVoZE\/s1600\/lens%2Bchart%2Bgood-bad.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-SMNd_MwKmMc\/VYlx6cnsMxI\/AAAAAAAAOTM\/_eGJr0WVoZE\/s400\/lens%2Bchart%2Bgood-bad.JPG\" width=\"400\" height=\"166\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">The images above were taken with the same 5MP CCD GigE camera, identical iris and focus setting BUT with two different $250 class &#8220;Megapixel&#8221; C-mount lenses.\u00a0 What lens would you choose? \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">The correct selection would be the lens that resolves the sensor pixel size and provides you with crisp images.\u00a0 Too many times we have seen lenses paired incorrectly providing blurred images as seen on the right image even if they are classified as &#8220;Megapixel&#8221; lenses.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">This can be avoided by understanding the lens performance in terms of the\u00a0modulation transfer function also known as MTF which gives you\u00a0the performance of light through a medium. It compares the intensity of the light before the\u00a0optics vs. the intensity of the light after it goes through the optics. This is not a single number,\u00a0but rather it varies as light hits the lens on or off axis, and is also dependent upon wavelength of\u00a0the light. MTF is normally given in line pairs\/mm or lp\/mm vs. % transmission. Essentially, it\u00a0tells you how well the lens can resolve a certain size spot. If you draw lines that get closer and\u00a0closer together, at some point the optics system is going to see the 2 lines as a single blurred line.\u00a0This is basically where the lens breaks down, and this is just past the limit of its resolving power.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">In the diagram below you can see as the lines get closer together the intensity fades. (picture\u00a0courtesy of Schneider Optics)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Note: Some lens manufacturers give MTF as only lp\/mm and not vs. % transmission. E.g 60<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">lp\/mm. This does not mean that you cannot see objects smaller than this MTF, it is just that the\u00a0intensity of the image is lower than 100% at this rating. As the intensity drops at some point your\u00a0eye or the processing SW can not distinguish between line pairs.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-YO-U7UiEhF0\/VYl03TgxX_I\/AAAAAAAAOTw\/FVJKmgaanhs\/s1600\/MTF%2Bimage.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-YO-U7UiEhF0\/VYl03TgxX_I\/AAAAAAAAOTw\/FVJKmgaanhs\/s640\/MTF%2Bimage.JPG\" width=\"416\" height=\"640\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ideally, the total MTF is derived from a multiplying all the MTFs of the system. This would include the\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">MTF of the lens, the filter, the camera, the electronics, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">So if you have a megapixel sensor with a high MTF, but put a low cost lens in front, you have\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">degraded the MTF of the system. \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><i>Garbage in, garbage out! <\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">The bottom line is to know the pixel size of the given sensor in which you can then derive the lens resolving power in terms of lp\/mm. \u00a0In some cases, curves are available to plot lp\/mm versus contrast providing the MTF of the lens. \u00a0 You are now in a position to select a lens matched to your sensor!<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">For a comprehensive understanding on &#8220;How to Choose a Lens&#8221;, download our whitepaper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.1stvision.com\/knowledgebase2\/55\/\">HERE. <\/a>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">For all your imaging needs, you can visit\u00a0<\/span><b style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.1stvision.com\/\">www.1stvision<\/a>\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">or\u00a0<\/span><b style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1stvision.com\/contact.html\">contact us!<\/a>\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">to discuss your application in detail. \u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/1stVisionInc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-tiumm-k4HNw\/VbEO7RYPBII\/AAAAAAAAOck\/IWcJqYQjRcY\/s320\/youtube24.png\" alt=\" \" border=\"0\" \/><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/1st-Vision\/944658058935262?fref=ts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-EY6c1JsMg_I\/VbEO6_bRtHI\/AAAAAAAAOcU\/KeCM9m6ynt8\/s320\/facebook24.png\" alt=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/1st-Vision\/944658058935262?fref=ts\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/plus.google.com\/+1stvision_imaging\/posts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-us8y5ck2pJs\/VbEO61rPmBI\/AAAAAAAAOcY\/fq4c83yH9sM\/s320\/google-plus1%2B24.png\" alt=\" \" border=\"0\" \/><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/1stvision-inc-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-IeK73AsufBY\/VbEO7CZwehI\/AAAAAAAAOc8\/_CVnJ8Yl878\/s320\/linkedin1%2B24.png\" alt=\" \" border=\"0\" \/><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/1stVision_\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-5umPEkuIopM\/VbEO7dKtnVI\/AAAAAAAAOcs\/kTLxJud2xrM\/s320\/twitter-24.png\" alt=\" \" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Machine vision lenses from various manufacturers may look similar, have identical focal lengths, but perform different&#8230; but why? The images above were taken with the same 5MP CCD GigE camera, identical iris and focus setting BUT with two different $250 class &#8220;Megapixel&#8221; C-mount lenses.\u00a0 What lens would you choose? \u00a0 \u00a0 The correct selection would &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.1stvision.com\/machine-vision-solutions\/2015\/06\/demystifying-lens-performance.html\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Demystifying Lens performance specifications&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lenses","category-tutorial"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Demystifying Lens performance specifications<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.1stvision.com\/machine-vision-solutions\/2015\/06\/demystifying-lens-performance.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Demystifying Lens performance specifications\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Machine vision lenses from various manufacturers may look similar, have identical focal lengths, but perform different&#8230; but why? The images above were taken with the same 5MP CCD GigE camera, identical iris and focus setting BUT with two different $250 class &#8220;Megapixel&#8221; C-mount lenses.\u00a0 What lens would you choose? \u00a0 \u00a0 The correct selection would &hellip; Continue reading &quot;Demystifying Lens performance specifications&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.1stvision.com\/machine-vision-solutions\/2015\/06\/demystifying-lens-performance.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"1stVision Inc. - Machine Vision Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/1st-Vision\/944658058935262?fref=ts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-06-24T13:06:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-24T15:19:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" 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